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Abdullah Gül,〔(Presidency of the Republic of Turkey : Abdullah GÜL )〕 ((:abduɫˈɫɑh ˈɟyl); born 29 October 1950) is a Turkish politician who served as the 11th President of Turkey, in office from 2007 to 2014. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002 to 2003, and concurrently served as both Deputy Prime Minister and as Foreign Minister between 2003 and 2007. He is currently a member of the Advisory Panel for the President of the Islamic Development Bank.〔http://www.isdb.org/irj/portal/anonymous/idb_news_en〕 Advocating staunch Islamist political views during his university years, Gül became a Member of Parliament for Kayseri in 1991 and was re-elected in 1995, 1999, 2002 and 2007. Initially a member of the Islamist Welfare Party, Gül joined the Virtue Party in 1998 after the latter was banned for anti-secular activities. When the party split into hardline Islamist and modernist factions in 2000, Gül joined fellow party member Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in advocating the need for reform and moderation. He ran against serving leader Recai Kutan for the Virtue Party leadership on behalf of Erdoğan, who was banned from holding political office at the time. As the candidate for the modernist camp, he came second with 521 votes while Kutan won 633. He co-founded the moderate Justice and Development Party (AKP) with Erdoğan in 2001 after the Virtue Party was shut down in the same year, while hardline conservative members founded the Felicity Party instead. Gül became Prime Minister after the AKP won a landslide victory in the 2002 general election, since Erdoğan was still banned from office. His government had removed Erdoğan's political ban by March 2003, after which Erdoğan became an MP for Siirt in a by-election and took over as Prime Minister. Gül subsequently served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister until 2007. His subsequent bid for the Presidency drew strong and highly vocal opposition from ardent supporters of secularism in Turkey and was initially blocked by the Constitutional Court due to concerns over his Islamist political background.〔Ercan Yavuz (31 July 2008) ("Evidence indicates Ergenekon tried to block presidential election" ), todayszaman.com; retrieved 9 February 2009.〕 He was eventually elected Turkey's first Islamist President after the 2007 snap general election.〔(Turks elect ex-Islamist president ), bbc.co.uk; retrieved 9 February 2009.〕〔(Gul sworn in as Turkey's first former Islamist president ), dailymail.co.uk; retrieved 9 February 2009.〕 As President, Gül has come under criticism for giving assent to controversial laws which have been regarded by the political opposition as unconstitutional.〔(President Gül bids farewell to rule of law ), todayszaman.com; accessed 15 February 2015.〕〔(Turkish main opposition takes judicial bill to constitutional court ), hurriyetdailynews.com; accessed 15 February 2015.〕 In June 2013, he signed a bill restricting alcohol consumption into law despite initially indicating a possible veto, which was seen as a contributing factor to sparking the 2013–14 anti-government protests.〔(2013–14 anti-government protests in Turkey over restrictions on alcohol ), eurasianet.org; accessed 15 February 2015.〕 Other controversies included a law tightening internet regulation in 2013,〔(Turkey passes law tightening internet regulation ), reuters.com; accessed 15 February 2015.〕 a law increasing political control over the judiciary in 2014〔(Gül signs judicial law increasing political control over the judiciary ), hurriyetdailynews.com; accessed 15 February 2015.〕 and a law giving the National Intelligence Organisation (MİT) controversial new powers also in 2014.〔(Gül signs law giving MİT new powers ), todayszaman.com; accessed 15 February 2015.〕 Gül took a mediating approach during anti-government protests and government corruption scandals.〔(Rifts emerge between Erdoğan and Gül ), voanews.com; accessed 15 February 2015.〕 ==Early life== Gül was born in Kayseri, central Anatolia on the 27th anniversary of the proclamation of Turkish independence. His father is Ahmet Hamdi Gül, a retired air force mechanic, and his mother is Adviye Satoğlu. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abdullah Gül」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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